Tremlett, 33, played 146 first-class matches for England, Hampshire and Surrey, taking 459 wickets at an average of 28.66.
The pinnacle of his career was the part he played in England's famous Ashes victory in Australia in 2010/11. He took the series-clinching wicket when he dismissed Michael Beer.
But his giant frame has caused him difficulties throughout his career, and he has struggled with a series of injuries. The 6ft 7in, Southampton-born Tremlett said: "After sixteen enjoyable years in a game that has given me so much, I feel that now is the right moment to call time on my playing career.
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I have been extremely fortunate to have enjoyed such a fantastic and memorable career and lucky enough to play with and against some of the best players in the world. Wearing the Three Lions was the pinnacle and I enjoyed every minute of the challenge, experience and ultimately the success that the team had whilst playing for England.
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"Unfortunately, injury has hampered me throughout my career and now plays the leading role in my decision to retire. My body, and back in particular, can no longer withstand the vigour of performing at the level required to play professional cricket and after taking specialist advice, this latest injury means that I will not be able to carry on"
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I have always tried to give 100% commitment and effort whenever I have played but no longer feel that this is possible. Surrey now have an exciting generation of cricketers breaking through and I wish the club every success in the future.
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"I would like to thank everyone at Hampshire Cricket, Surrey CCC and the England & Wales Cricket Board who have helped me throughout my career and also my family and friends for their constant support."
Surrey's director of cricket Alec Stewart added:
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Trem has been a valued and popular member of the playing staff throughout his time with us.On behalf of everyone at the club, I would like to thank him for his efforts and contributions both with Surrey and England and wish him well in the next chapter of his career.
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Source -The Associated Press